Batch Operating System
In the 1969-70, the Batch operating system was very popular among the users. At that time, it was used in mainframe computer.
Basically, Batch operating system was not for single person use. It was slow and time taking operating system. To speed up processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. More than one users collect their similar type of problems and each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator.
The jobs were given to the system in the form of queue and all the jobs was executed one by one on the basis of first come first serve method. The output of the job comes in the same order in which they were entered in the system.
Multiprogramming Operating System
Multiprogramming is an extension to the batch processing where the CPU is kept always busy. The main objectives of multiprogramming is to sharing the processor and increasing the utilization of CPU.
In the multiprogramming OS, the set of multiple jobs can be reside in the memory. The operating system picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in the memory. Multiprogramming operating systems monitor the state of all active programs and system resources using memory management programs to ensures that the CPU is never idle, unless there are no jobs to process.
Multiprocessing Operating System
In Multiprocessing, Parallel computing is achieved. There are more than one processors present in the system which can execute more than one process at the same time. This will increase the throughput of the system.
Real Time Operating System
In Real Time systems, each job carries a certain deadline within which the Job is supposed to be completed, otherwise the huge loss will be there or even if the result is produced then it will be completely useless.
The Application of a Real Time system exists in the case of military applications, if you want to drop a missile then the missile is supposed to be dropped with certain precision.
Distributed Operating System
Distributed systems use multiple central processors to serve multiple real-time applications and multiple users. Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors accordingly.
The processors communicate with one another through various communication lines (such as high-speed buses or telephone lines). These are referred as loosely coupled systems or distributed systems. Processors in a distributed system may vary in size and function. These processors are referred as sites, nodes, computers, and so on.
